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Contents
Tablesv
Preface About This Developer Notevii
Contents of This Bookvii
Supplementary Documentsvii
Apple Publicationsvii
Conventions and Abbreviationsx
Typographical Conventionsx
Abbreviationsx
Chapter 1 Power Macintosh 8100/1101
Configuration2
Clock Speeds2
New Cache2
Revised ROM and ASICs2
NuBus Support3
LocalTalk4
Clock Chips4
Appendix Power Macintosh RAM Layout5
RAM SIMMs5
Discontinuous Physical Addressing6
Tables
Appendix Power Macintosh RAM Layout5
Table A-1 RAM SIMM expansion capabilities5
Table A-2 Power Macintosh 8100 memory map6
About This Developer Note
This developer note describes the Apple Power Macintosh 8100/110 computer, introduced in October, 1994. The Power Macintosh 8100/110 is currently the fastest and most versatile Macintosh computer.
This new computer is an enhanced model of the Power Macintosh 8100/80 computer introduced in March, 1994. This developer note covers only the enhancements that make the new model different. For more general informa-
tion about the first generation of Power Macintosh computers, see Macintosh Developer Note Number 8, described in “Supplementary Documents,” later in this preface.
This note is written for professional hardware and software engineers. You should be generally familiar with existing Macintosh technology, including NuBus™ and the new Apple RISC technology based on the PowerPC micro-
processor. For recommended reading material about Macintosh technology, see the documents listed in “Supplementary Documents,” later in this preface.
Contents of This Book
This developer note contains one chapter and one appendix:
n Chapter 1, “Power Macintosh 8100/110,” covers the configuration of this model and its differences from the Power Macintosh 8100/80, introduced in March, 1994.
n The appendix, “Power Macintosh RAM Layout,” describes the random-access memory layout for both the current Power Macintosh model and the models introduced in March, 1994.
Supplementary Documents
The documents described in this section provide information that complements or extends the information in this developer note.
Apple Publications
Apple Developer Press publishes a variety of books and technical notes designed to help third-party developers design hardware and software products compatible with Apple computers.
Inside Macintosh is a collection of books, organized by topic, that describe the system software of Macintosh computers. Together, these books provide the essential reference for programmers, software designers, and engineers.
The original version of Inside Macintosh was published in six volumes. The newer volumes of Inside Macintosh are organized by topic. Current books include the following titles:
Inside Macintosh: AOCE Application Interfaces
Inside Macintosh: AOCE Service Access Modules
Inside Macintosh: Devices
Inside Macintosh: Files
Inside Macintosh: Imaging With QuickDraw
Inside Macintosh: Interapplication Communication
Inside Macintosh: Macintosh Toolbox Essentials
Inside Macintosh: Memory
Inside Macintosh: More Macintosh Toolbox
Inside Macintosh: Networking
Inside Macintosh: Operating System Utilities
Inside Macintosh: Overview
Inside Macintosh: PowerPC Numerics
Inside Macintosh: PowerPC System Software
Inside Macintosh: Processes
Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw Environment and Utilities
Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw Graphics
Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw Objects
Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw Printing
Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw Printing Extensions and Drivers
Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw Utilities
Inside Macintosh: QuickTime
Inside Macintosh: QuickTime Components
Inside Macintosh: Sound
Inside Macintosh: Text
Inside Macintosh: PowerPC System Software covers in detail the changes and extensions to Macintosh system software version 7.1 for Power Macintosh computers, including new Macintosh Toolbox managers and the run-time architecture that supports the PowerPC microprocessor.
Building Programs for Macintosh With PowerPC is a general discussion for developers of the development and building of application software for PowerPC processor–based Macintosh systems.
Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh Family, third edition, explains the general hardware and software requirements for NuBus cards and drivers compatible with the first generation of Power Macintosh computers.
Technical Introduction to the Macintosh Family, second edition, surveys the complete Macintosh family of computers from the developer’s point of view.
Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines provides authoritative information on the theory behind the Macintosh “look and feel” and Apple’s standard ways of using individual interface components. A companion CD-ROM disk, Making It Macintosh, illustrates the Macintosh human interface guidelines through interactive, animated examples.
Macintosh Developer Note Number 8 contains two documents: Power Macintosh Computers describes the Power Macintosh 6100/60, 7100/66, and 8100/80 models; Macintosh DAV Interface for NuBus Expansion Cards describes the interface through which NuBus expansion cards can access the raw digital sound and video data streams available in Power Macintosh computers.
New Technical Note ME 9 discusses techniques for accessing discontinuous physical memory spaces in Macintosh computers. The current Power Macintosh RAM space is divided into physically discontinuous 32 MB segments, as described in Appendix A, “Power Macintosh RAM Layout.”
You can get New Technical Note ME 9 from the Apple Developer Technical Support department.
Most of the Apple publications just listed are available from APDA. APDA
is Apple’s worldwide source for hundreds of development tools, technical resources, training products, and information for anyone interested in developing applications on Apple platforms. Customers receive the APDA Tools Catalog featuring all current versions of Apple development tools and the most popular third-party development tools. APDA offers convenient payment and shipping options, including site licensing.
To order products or to request a complimentary copy of the APDA Tools Catalog, contact
APDA
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Fax 716-871-6511
AppleLink APDA
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Internet APDA@applelink.apple.com
Conventions and Abbreviations
This book uses the following typographical conventions and abbreviations.
Typographical Conventions
Computer-language text—any text that is literally the same as it appears in computer input or output—appears in Courier font.
Hexadecimal numbers are preceded by a dollar sign ($). For example, the hexadecimal equivalent of decimal 16 is written as $10.
Note
A note like this contains information that is interesting
but not essential for an understanding of the text.u
Abbreviations
Abbreviations for units of measure used in this book includeGB gigabytes MB megabytes
KB kilobytes MHz megahertz
Other abbreviations used in this book includeASIC application-specific integrated circuit
CPU central processing unit
DAV digital audio/video
DRAM dynamic random-access memory
I/O input/output
RAM random-access memory
RISC reduced instruction set computing
ROM read-only memory
SIMM single inline memory module
VRAM video random-access memory
Power Macintosh 8100/110
This chapter describes the Power Macintosh 8100/110 computer. This new model differs from the Power Macintosh 8100/80 in speed and in other ways. The Power Macintosh 8100/80 computer is described in Macintosh Developer Note Number 8, listed in “Supplementary Documents,” in the preface.
Configuration
The Power Macintosh 8100/110 is shipped in a single configuration (model M3561) with these specifications:
n processor clock speed of 110 MHz
n 16 MB DRAM and 256 KB second-level cache
n 2 GB internal hard disk
n built-in CD-ROM
n Macintosh system software version 7.5
Clock Speeds
The processor clock in the Power Macintosh 8100/110 runs at 110 MHz.
The CPU bus clock rate is one-third of the processor rate, or 36.6667 MHz.
The Power Macintosh 8100/110 uses a new clock chip to accommodate these speeds.
New Cache
Apple supplies a new design of 256 KB cache SIMM for the Power Macintosh 8100/110. Third-party developers of cache expansion cards should check their products for compatibility with the 36.6667 MHz processor bus rate.
Revised ROM and ASICs
The ROM and some of the ASIC chips described in Macintosh Developer Note Number 8 have been updated for the Power Macintosh 8100/110. The changes are described in
this section.
NuBus Support
In the Power Macintosh 8100/110, the BART 4 NuBus controller chip used in other Power Macintosh models is being replaced by BART 21, which provides faster data transfers. Existing NuBus expansion cards should work with the Power Macintosh
8100/110; however, compatibility cannot be guaranteed.
The BART 21 chip enables burst transactions for specific slots instead of for the bus as a whole. It also handles burst read transactions by NuBus masters. If these changes might affect your product, check with the Apple Developer Technical Support department for specific details.
NuBus support in the new ROM now lets you change the cacheability of a single, contiguous, ascending range of pages in NuBus superslot space, for each slot, using the _HWPriv trap. The Power Macintosh 8100/110 supports write-through, copy-back, and cache-inhibited modes.
You can use the following macros:
MACRO
_NuBusCacheWriteThru
MOVEQ #16,D0
_HWPriv
ENDM
MACRO
_NuBusCacheCopyBack
MOVEQ #15,D0
_HWPriv
ENDM
MACRO
_NuBusCacheInhibit
MOVEQ #14,D0
_HWPriv
ENDM
The parameters to all three NuBus cache calls are identical. For example, the write-through call has the following form:
; NuBusCacheWriteThru (_HWPriv Selector $10)
;
; Selector for controlling the cacheability of NuBus space
;
; Entry:
; A0 (long) - Page-aligned starting address
; A1 (long) - Length in bytes (should be a multiple of - the native page size)
In the new ROM, support for addressing minor slot space has been extended from minor slot range 9 through E ($F9000000–$FE000000) to 1 through E ($F1000000–$FE000000). Major slot 8 is also addressable, so the range of major slots is now 8 through E.
LocalTalk
The LocalTalk driver in ROM has been updated to improve LocalTalk performance. Products that use LocalTalk should be retested for compatibility.
Clock Chips
Some changes in clock chip vendors and part numbers have been made. These changes should be transparent to third-party software and expansion cards. Because the CPU bus rate is higher than in previous models, however, third-party DRAM expansion cards may need to be retested for compatibility.
Power Macintosh RAM Layout
This appendix describes the physical layout of RAM in all current Power Macintosh models, including the Power Macintosh 6100/60, 7100/66, 8100/80, and 8100/110. Physical RAM addressing in these computers is discontinuous. If you are designing a NuBus expansion card that uses direct memory access to or from RAM, you should read this appendix.
RAM SIMMs
The current Power Macintosh logic board has 8 MB of RAM capacity soldered to the board. The user can install additional RAM capacity by plugging 72-pin SIMMs into the logic board. These RAM SIMMs are described in Chapter 4 of Macintosh Developer Note Number 8, listed in “Apple Publications,” in the preface.
The PowerPC data bus is 64 bits wide, whereas Power Macintosh RAM SIMMs store data in 32-bit words. For this reason, the SIMMs must be installed in identical pairs. Each pair of SIMMs can provide from 1 to 32 MB of expansion, depending on their RAM chip configuration, added to the 8 MB of RAM on the logic board.
The physical RAM expansion capacity of various Power Macintosh models is shown
in Table A-1. The RAM addresses shown in the right column are explained in the
next section.
Table A-1 RAM SIMM expansion capabilities
Power Macintosh
models Maximum number
of SIMMs Maximum RAM
capacity, MB Highest accessible RAM address
All 6100 2 (1 pair) 72 $06FF FFFF
All 7100 4 (2 pairs) 136 $0EFF FFFF
All 8100 8 (4 pairs) 264 $1EFF FFFF
Discontinuous Physical Addressing
Each of the eight possible SIMMs in a Power Macintosh computer supports one 64 MB bank of memory, adding up to 512 MB. However, the portion of memory within each bank that a SIMM can access starts 16 MB after the lowest address of the bank and ends 16 MB before the highest address in the bank. The actual memory that a SIMM supports runs from the beginning of the accessible range. Hence there is a gap of at least 32 MB between the address ranges that any two adjacent SIMMs can support.
The 8 MB of RAM soldered to the logic board supports half of the 16 MB of memory space at the low end of bank 1 that is inaccessible to SIMMs.
The random-access memory map for a Power Macintosh 8100 with all four pairs of expansion sockets loaded with 32 MB SIMMs is summarized in Table A-2.
Table A-2 Power Macintosh 8100 memory map
SIMM
pair Memory
bank Addressing
range, MB Lowest and highest physical addresses
Logic board RAM 0–8 $0000 0000–$007F FFFF
1 1 16–48 $0100 0000–$02FF FFFF
2 80–112 $0500 0000–$06FF FFFF
2 3 144–176 $0900 0000–$0AFF FFFF
4 208–240 $0D00 0000–$0EFF FFFF
3 5 272–304 $1100 0000–$12FF FFFF
6 336–368 $1500 0000–$16FF FFFF
4 7 400–432 $1900 0000–$1AFF FFFF
8 464–496 $1D00 0000–$1EFF FFFF
As you can see from Table A-2, the maximum possible range of continuous physical memory in a current Power Macintosh computer is 32 MB. If the user installs smaller capacity RAM SIMMs, the maximum range is less. There is 8 MB of inaccessible space between the memory supported by the RAM soldered to the logic board and that supported by the first pair of SIMMs (if any); after that, there is at least 32 MB of inaccessible space between each continuous memory range and the next.
Several techniques are available for coping with discontinuous RAM addressing. For a full discussion, see New Technical Note ME 9, published by the Apple Developer Support department. This document is described in “Apple Publications,” in the preface.
This Apple manual was written, edited, and composed on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and FrameMaker software. Final pages were created on an Apple LaserWriter Pro 630 printer. Line art was created using Adobe Illustrator. PostScript™, the page-description language for the LaserWriter, was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Text type is Palatino® and display type is Helvetica®. Bullets are ITC Zapf Dingbats®. Some elements, such as program listings, are set in Apple Courier.
WRITER
George Towner
DEVELOPMENTAL EDITOR
Antonio Padial
Special thanks to Sam Barone, Mark Baumwell, Steve Mackenzie, Brian Smith, and TeriAnn Wakeman.